本文共 4954 字,大约阅读时间需要 16 分钟。
这个demo来说明怎么排查一个@Transactional
引起的NullPointerException
。
Demo是一个简单的spring事务例子,提供了下面一个StudentDao
,并用@Transactional
来声明事务:
@Component@Transactionalpublic class StudentDao { @Autowired private SqlSession sqlSession; public Student selectStudentById(long id) { return sqlSession.selectOne("selectStudentById", id); } public final Student finalSelectStudentById(long id) { return sqlSession.selectOne("selectStudentById", id); }}
应用启动后,会依次调用selectStudentById
和finalSelectStudentById
:
@PostConstruct public void init() { studentDao.selectStudentById(1); studentDao.finalSelectStudentById(1); }
用mvn spring-boot:run
或者把工程导入IDE里启动,抛出来的异常信息是:
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException at sample.mybatis.dao.StudentDao.finalSelectStudentById(StudentDao.java:27) at com.example.demo.transactional.nullpointerexception.DemoNullPointerExceptionApplication.init(DemoNullPointerExceptionApplication.java:30) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$LifecycleElement.invoke(InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:366) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$LifecycleMetadata.invokeInitMethods(InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:311)
为什么应用代码里执行selectStudentById
没有问题,而执行finalSelectStudentById
就抛出NullPointerException
?
同一个bean里,明明SqlSession sqlSession
已经被注入了,在selectStudentById
里它是非null的。为什么finalSelectStudentById
函数里是null?
当然,我们对比两个函数,可以知道是因为finalSelectStudentById
的修饰符是final
。但是具体原因是什么呢?
我们先在抛出异常的地方打上断点,调试代码,获取到具体运行时的class
是什么:
System.err.println(studentDao.getClass());
打印的结果是:
class sample.mybatis.dao.StudentDao$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$210b005d
可以看出是一个被spring aop处理过的类,但是它的具体字节码内容是什么呢?
我们使用dumpclass工具来把jvm里的类dump出来:
wget http://search.maven.org/remotecontent?filepath=io/github/hengyunabc/dumpclass/0.0.1/dumpclass-0.0.1.jar -O dumpclass.jar
找到java进程pid:
$ jps5907 DemoNullPointerExceptionApplication
把相关的类都dump下来:
sudo java -jar dumpclass.jar 5907 'sample.mybatis.dao.StudentDao*' /tmp/dumpresult
用javap或者图形化工具jd-gui来反编绎sample.mybatis.dao.StudentDao$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$210b005d
。
反编绎后的结果是:
class StudentDao$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$210b005d extends StudentDao
StudentDao$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$210b005d
里没有finalSelectStudentById
相关的内容
selectStudentById
实际调用的是this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0
,即MethodInterceptor tmp4_1
,等下我们实际debug,看具体的类型
public final Student selectStudentById(long paramLong) { try { MethodInterceptor tmp4_1 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0; if (tmp4_1 == null) { tmp4_1; CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this); } MethodInterceptor tmp17_14 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0; if (tmp17_14 != null) { Object[] tmp29_26 = new Object[1]; Long tmp35_32 = new java/lang/Long; Long tmp36_35 = tmp35_32; tmp36_35; tmp36_35.(paramLong); tmp29_26[0] = tmp35_32; return (Student)tmp17_14.intercept(this, CGLIB$selectStudentById$0$Method, tmp29_26, CGLIB$selectStudentById$0$Proxy); } return super.selectStudentById(paramLong); } catch (RuntimeException|Error localRuntimeException) { throw localRuntimeException; } catch (Throwable localThrowable) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable); } }
再来实际debug,尽管StudentDao$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$210b005d
的代码不能直接看到,但是还是可以单步执行的。
在debug时,可以看到
StudentDao$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$210b005d
里的所有field都是null
this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0
的实际类型是CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor
,在这个Interceptor里实际保存了原始的target对象
CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor
在经过TransactionInterceptor
处理之后,最终会用反射调用自己保存的原始target对象
所以整理下整个分析:
@Transactional
之后,spring aop会生成一个cglib代理类,实际用户代码里@Autowired
注入的StudentDao
也是这个代理类的实例StudentDao$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$210b005d
继承自StudentDao
StudentDao$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$210b005d
里的所有field都是nullStudentDao$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$210b005d
在调用selectStudentById
,实际上通过CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor
,最终会用反射调用自己保存的原始target对象selectStudentById
函数的调用没有问题那么为什么finalSelectStudentById
函数里的SqlSession sqlSession
会是null,然后抛出NullPointerException
?
StudentDao$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$210b005d
里的所有field都是nullfinalSelectStudentById
函数的修饰符是final
,cglib没有办法重写这个函数finalSelectStudentById
里,实际执行的是原始的StudentDao
里的代码StudentDao$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$210b005d
的实例,它里面的所有field都是null,所以会抛出NullPointerException
finalSelectStudentById
函数的final
修饰符去掉StudentDao
里不要直接使用sqlSession
,而通过getSqlSession()
函数,这样cglib也会处理getSqlSession()
,返回原始的target对象转载地址:http://edyax.baihongyu.com/